Diyabete ni iki? Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya diyabete?

Diyabete , iza ku isonga mu ndwara zo mu gihe cyacu , ni ubwoko bwindwara zigira uruhare runini mu kwibasira indwara nyinshi zica kandi zikunze kugaragara ku isi hose. Izina ryuzuye ryindwara, Diabete Mellitus, risobanura inkari zisukari mu kigereki. Ku bantu bafite ubuzima bwiza, kwiyiriza ubusa glucose iri hagati ya 70-100 mg / dL. Ubwiyongere bwisukari mu maraso hejuru yuru rwego mubisanzwe byerekana diyabete. Igitera iyi ndwara ntabwo ihagije cyangwa idafite imisemburo ya insuline idahari kubwimpamvu iyo ari yo yose, cyangwa ingirangingo zumubiri ziba zitumva insuline. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa diyabete, ubwoko bwa diyabete bukunze kugaragara ku bantu barengeje imyaka 35-40, ni diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 . Muri diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, izwi kandi ku kurwanya insuline, nubwo umusaruro wa insuline muri pancreas uhagije, kutumva iyi misemburo biratera imbere kubera ko reseptor zerekana imisemburo ya insuline mu ngirabuzimafatizo zidakora. Muri iki gihe, isukari yo mu maraso ntishobora kujyanwa mu ngingo na insuline kandi glucose yamaraso ikazamuka hejuru yubusanzwe. Iyi miterere yigaragaza nibimenyetso nkumunwa wumye, guta ibiro, kunywa amazi menshi no kurya cyane.

Ni ngombwa cyane kubahiriza byimazeyo amahame yo kuvura diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, akaba ari nayo mpamvu nyamukuru itera indwara nyinshi zitandukanye. Isukari yo mu maraso ikomeza kuba ndende igihe kirekire; Kubera ko bitera kwangirika burundu kumubiri wose, cyane cyane sisitemu yumutima nimiyoboro yamaraso, impyiko namaso, abantu basuzumwe na diyabete bagomba guhita bahabwa inyigisho ya diyabete kandi bakubahiriza byimazeyo gahunda yimirire yemejwe ninzobere mu mirire.

Diyabete ni iki?

Diyabete Mellitus, bakunze kwita diyabete mu baturage , muri rusange ni igihe glucose (isukari) mu maraso yazamutse hejuru yibisanzwe, bigatuma habaho isukari mu nkari, ubusanzwe idakwiye kuba irimo isukari. Diyabete, ifite ibice bitandukanye, iri mu ndwara zikunze kugaragara mu gihugu cyacu ndetse no ku isi. Dukurikije imibare yibarurishamibare yatanzwe nishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga rya diyabete, umuntu umwe kuri 11 akuze arwara diyabete, kandi buri masegonda 6, umuntu umwe apfa azize ibibazo bijyanye na diyabete.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya Diyabete?

Indwara ya diyabete yigaragaza nibimenyetso bitatu byibanze ku bantu. Ibi birashobora gutondekwa nko kurya ibirenze ibisanzwe no kumva utanyuzwe, inkari nyinshi, kumva wumye kandi uryoshye mumunwa, bityo, icyifuzo cyo kunywa amazi menshi. Usibye ibi, ibindi bimenyetso bya diyabete bishobora kugaragara mubantu bishobora gutondekwa kuburyo bukurikira:

• Kumva ufite intege nke numunaniro
• Kugabanuka vuba kandi utabishaka
• Kutabona neza
• Kubura amahwemo muburyo bwo kunanirwa no gutitira ibirenge
• Ibikomere gukira buhoro kuruta ibisanzwe
• Kuma uruhu no guhinda
• Impumuro imeze nka Acetone mu kanwa

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera Diyabete?

Bitewe nubushakashatsi bwinshi ku bitera diyabete , hanzuwe ko ibitera amoko nibidukikije bigira uruhare hamwe muri diyabete. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa diyabete : Ubwoko bwa 1 Diyabete na Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 Ibintu bitera indwara biratandukanye bitewe nubwoko. Nubwo ibintu bikomoka ku ngirabuzima fatizo bigira uruhare runini mu bitera Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1, virusi zangiza urugingo rwa pancreas, zitanga imisemburo ya insuline igira uruhare mu kugenzura isukari mu maraso, ndetse nimikorere mibi mu mikorere ya sisitemu yo kwirinda umubiri nayo iri mu bintu bitera indwara. Byongeye kandi, ibitera diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, aribwo bwoko bwa diyabete ikunze kugaragara, urashobora gutondekwa ku buryo bukurikira:

• Umubyibuho ukabije (umubyibuho ukabije)
• Kugira amateka ya diyabete mubabyeyi
• Imyaka yubukure
• Ubuzima bwicaye
• Stress
• Indwara ya diyabete yibungenze mugihe utwite no kubyara umwana ufite ibiro byinshi kurenza ibisanzwe

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa Diyabete?

Ubwoko bwa diyabete bwanditswe ku buryo bukurikira:

• Ubwoko bwa Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 (Diyabete iterwa na insuline): Ubwoko bwa diyabete ikunze kugaragara mu bwana, iterwa no gukora insuline idahagije cyangwa idafite insina muri pancreas, kandi bisaba gufata insuline yo hanze.
• Ubwoko bwa Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2: Ubwoko bwa diyabete ibaho biturutse ku ngirabuzimafatizo ziba zitumva imisemburo ya insuline, igenga isukari mu maraso.
• Indwara ya Diyabete ya Autoimmune Yatinze mu bantu bakuru (LADA): Ubwoko bwindwara ya diyabete iterwa na insuline isa na diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1, igaragara mu myaka ishaje kandi iterwa na autoimmune (umubiri wangiza bitewe nimikorere mibi yumubiri).
• Gukura Diyabete (MODY): Ubwoko bwa diyabete isa na diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 igaragara akiri muto.
• Diyabete yo mu nda: Ubwoko bwa diyabete ikura mugihe utwite

Usibye ubwoko bwa diyabete twavuze haruguru , igihe cyabanjirije diyabete, kizwi cyane ku izina rya diyabete yihishe , ni igihe kibanziriza ishingwa rya diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, iyo isukari yo mu maraso ikunda kuzamuka gato bitabaye byinshi bihagije kugira ngo isuzume diyabete, kandi ishingwa rya diyabete irashobora gukumirwa cyangwa gutinda hamwe nubuvuzi bwiza nimirire. Ubwoko bubiri bwa diyabete ni Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 na Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 .

Diyabete isuzumwa ite?

Ibizamini bibiri byibanze bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma indwara ya diyabete ni ugusiba isukari yo mu maraso no gupima umunwa wa Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), bizwi kandi nkisuzuma ryisukari. Ku bantu bafite ubuzima bwiza, kwiyiriza ubusa kwisukari mu maraso biratandukanye hagati ya 70-100 mg / Dl ugereranije. Igisukari cyamaraso yisonzesha kiri hejuru ya 126 mg / Dl kirahagije kugirango umenye diyabete. Niba ako gaciro kari hagati ya 100-126 mg / Dl, isukari yamaraso ya postprandial isuzumwa ukoresheje OGTT kumuntu. Bitewe no gupima isukari mu maraso nyuma yamasaha 2 nyuma yo gutangira ifunguro, urugero rwa glucose yamaraso hejuru ya 200 mg / Dl ni ikimenyetso cya diyabete, naho glucose yamaraso iri hagati ya 140-199 mg / Dl nikimenyetso cyerekana mbere ya diyabete gihe, cyitwa pre-diabete. Byongeye kandi, ikizamini cya HbA1C, kigaragaza urugero rwisukari mu maraso hafi amezi 3 ashize, kuba hejuru ya 7% byerekana isuzuma rya diyabete.

Nigute abarwayi ba diyabete bagomba kurya?

Abarwayi ba diyabete bakurikiza indyo yihariye. Indyo ya diyabete cyangwa imirire ya diyabete bisobanura kurya ibiryo byiza ku rugero ruto kandi ugakomeza igihe cyo kurya gisanzwe. Indyo nziza isanzwe ikungahaye ku ntungamubiri kandi ibinure byinshi na karori bigomba guhitamo mu mirire yabarwayi ba diyabete. Ibyingenzi ni imbuto nimboga nimbuto zose. Mubyukuri, imirire ya diyabete irashobora kuba imwe muri gahunda nziza yimirire kubantu benshi. Niba ufite diyabete cyangwa diyabete, umuganga wawe arashobora kugusaba ko wabona umuganga wimirire kugirango agufashe gutegura gahunda nziza yo kurya. Iyi ndyo irashobora kugufasha kugenzura isukari yo mu maraso yawe (glucose), gucunga ibiro byawe, no kugenzura ibintu bishobora gutera indwara zumutima nkumuvuduko ukabije wamaraso hamwe namavuta menshi yo mu maraso. Kugenzura buri gihe ni ngombwa muri diyabete. Isukari isaba kwipimisha ubuzima buri gihe kuko ishobora gutera izindi ndwara nyinshi. Ntabwo ari indyo gusa ahubwo no kwisuzumisha buri gihe bizagira akamaro kanini kubarwayi ba diyabete, nkuko byavuzwe mubisubizo byikibazo cyukuntu wakora igenzura.

Kuki indyo ari ingenzi kubarwayi ba diyabete?

Iyo ukoresheje karori nyinshi hamwe namavuta, ni ukuvuga, ibirenze ibyo kurya bya kalori ya buri munsi, umubiri wawe utera isukari yamaraso itifuzwa. Niba isukari yo mu maraso idakomeje kugenzurwa, irashobora gukurura ibibazo bikomeye nko kuba isukari nyinshi mu maraso (hyperglycemia), kandi nibikomeza, birashobora gutera ingorane zigihe kirekire nkimitsi, impyiko ndetse no kwangiza umutima. Urashobora gufasha kugumana urugero rwisukari mumaraso muguhitamo neza muguhitamo ibiryo byiza no gukurikirana ingeso zawe. Ku bantu benshi barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, guta ibiro birashobora koroha kugenzura isukari mu maraso kandi bigatanga izindi nyungu nyinshi zubuzima. Kubera iyo mpamvu, birashobora kuba nkenerwa kubona ubufasha buva kubaga umubyibuho ukabije hanyuma ukifashisha uburyo nka ballon gastric yamira hamwe nintoki ya gastric mugihe muganga asanze ari ngombwa.

Isukari Yihishe ni iki?

Isukari ihishe ni ijambo ryamamaye muri rubanda. Umubare wisukari mu maraso yumuntu uri hejuru kurenza uko byakagombye, ariko ntabwo uri murwego rwo hejuru rwafatwa nka diyabete. Indangagaciro zabonetse nkibisubizo byakozwe mubarwayi nkabo ntabwo biri mubisanzwe. Ariko, ntabwo biri hejuru bihagije kugirango tumenye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2. Muri ibi bihe, hasuzumwa ubuvuzi kwa diyabete yihishe. Nubwo abarwayi ba diyabete yihishe badafatwa nkabarwayi ba diyabete, mu byukuri ni abakandida ba diyabete. Ni ngombwa cyane gufata ingamba zikenewe ku barwayi basuzumwe na diyabete kuko bari mu itsinda ryibyago byinshi.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya Diyabete Yihishe?

Nubwo isuzuma rya diyabete yihishe isuzumwa harebwa inzara no guhaga, hari impamvu zimwe zizana abarwayi kuriyi ntambwe. Itandukaniro ryukuntu umuntu yumva rishobora kubyutsa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba hari diyabete ihishe. Ikigaragara cyane muri ibyo bitandukanye ni inzara no kurya vuba. Ikigaragara ni uko abarwayi ba diyabete yihishe bagaragaza ibimenyetso bya diyabete igice bitewe nuko bakunda diyabete. Byumwihariko kutihanganira inzara no guhangayika bibaho ku barwayi ba diyabete. Nkuko bigaragara mubitandukaniro byo kwiyiriza ubusa no kurwego rwisukari nyuma yamaraso, ubusumbane bwisukari yamaraso burashobora kubaho hamwe no kurya neza. Nubwo tutabona ibyo bibazo mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi, birashobora kuduha ibimenyetso bito. Na none, ibintu nko gusinzira, umunaniro nintege nke nyuma yo kurya ni ibisobanuro bishobora kubaho kubantu bose. Ariko niba biterwa nisukari ihishe, byanze bikunze uzumva bitandukanye cyane. Niba uhuye nibi bidashidikanywaho cyangwa ukaba utazi neza, ugomba rwose kubonana na muganga. Kimwe mu bimenyetso simusiga bya diyabete ni iyi ntege nke no gusinzira. Nyuma yo kurya, umunaniro urumva gitunguranye kandi ibitotsi biratangira.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura diyabete?

Uburyo bwo kuvura diyabete buratandukanye bitewe nubwoko bwindwara. Muri diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1, kuvura imirire yubuvuzi bigomba gukoreshwa neza hamwe nubuvuzi bwa insuline. Indyo yumurwayi iteganijwe ninzobere mu bijyanye nimirire ukurikije urugero rwa insuline na gahunda byasabwe na muganga. Ubuzima bwabantu barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 burashobora koroha cyane hamwe no kubara karubone, aho urugero rwa insuline rushobora guhinduka ukurikije ingano ya karubone irimo ibiryo. Ku bantu barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, ubuvuzi muri rusange burimo no gukoresha imiti igabanya ubukana bwa antidiabete yo mu kanwa kugira ngo bongere ibyiyumvo byuturemangingo ku musemburo wa insuline cyangwa byongere mu buryo butaziguye imisemburo ya insuline, hiyongereyeho no guharanira imirire.

Niba ibintu bigomba kwitabwaho muri diyabete namahame asabwa yo kuvura bidakurikijwe, isukari nyinshi mu maraso itera ibibazo byinshi byubuzima, cyane cyane neuropathie (kwangiza imitsi), nepropatique (kwangiza impyiko) na retinopathie (kwangirika kwijisho ryamaso). Kubwibyo, niba uri umuntu urwaye diyabete, ntukibagirwe kwisuzumisha buri gihe.