Indwara yumutima ni iki? Ni ibihe bimenyetso biranga umutima?

Umutima, uri mu rubavu, gato ibumoso uhereye hagati yigituza, kandi ufite akamaro kanini, ni urugingo rufite imitsi. Uburemere bwuru rugingo, rusohora hafi litiro 8000 zamaraso mu kuzenguruka wanduye impuzandengo yibihumbi 100 ku munsi, ni garama 340 ku bagabo na garama 300-320 ku bagore. Bitewe nubusembwa ubwo aribwo bwose bwimiterere yumutima, indwara zifata umutima (indwara za valvular), indwara zumutima (myocardial), indwara zumutima nko gutera umutima zifitanye isano nimiyoboro yimitsi ishinzwe kugaburira ingirangingo zumutima, cyangwa indwara zitandukanye zitera umutima zishobora bibaho.

Indwara zumutima nindwara ni zo zikunze gutera abantu ku isi. Ishami ryUmuryango wAbibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) rivuga ko mu 2030, abantu miliyoni 23,6 bazapfa buri mwaka bazize indwara zumutima.

Indwara yumutima ni iki?

Indwara yumutima, nanone yitwa infarction myocardial; Nuburyo amaraso atembera mumitsi yumutima ahagarikwa kubera gufunga cyangwa kugabanuka gukabije mumitsi yimitsi, ishinzwe ogisijeni hamwe nintungamubiri zumutima. Habaho kwiyongera ibyago byo kwangirika burundu kuri buri segonda ko tissue yumutima itakira amaraso ahagije.

Guhagarika gutunguranye kwimitsi igaburira umutima birashobora gutuma imitsi yumutima itakira ogisijeni ihagije, bigatera kwangirika kwimitsi yumutima. Ibinure nka cholesterol birundanya kurukuta rwimitsi ishinzwe gutembera mumutima kandi bigakora ibyubaka bita plaque. Icyapa kiragwira mugihe, kugabanya imiyoboro yamaraso no kubacamo ibice. Utuzu twibumbiye muri ibyo bice cyangwa icyapa gitandukana nurukuta birashobora guhagarika imiyoboro kandi bigatera umutima. Niba inzabya idafunguwe hakiri kare kandi neza, gutakaza ingirangingo zumutima. Igihombo kigabanya imbaraga zo kuvoma umutima kandi kunanirwa kumutima bibaho. Muri Turukiya, abantu ibihumbi 200 bapfa buri mwaka bazize indwara yumutima. Iki gipimo gikubye hafi 30 impfu zatewe nimpanuka zo mumuhanda.

Ibimenyetso 12 byindwara zumutima

Ikimenyetso cyibanze cyumutima ni ububabare bwo mu gatuza, bizwi kandi nkububabare bwumutima. Ubu bubabare, bwunvikana inyuma yurukuta rwigituza, nububabare butuje, buremereye kandi bwingutu wumva umuntu yicaye mugituza. Irashobora gukwirakwira ku kuboko kwibumoso, ijosi, ibitugu, inda, umunwa ninyuma. Mubisanzwe bifata iminota 10-15. Kuruhuka cyangwa gukoresha imiti irimo nitrate yagura imiyoboro yimitsi ishobora kugabanya ububabare. Ibindi bimenyetso byindwara zumutima birashobora kuba birimo ibyiyumvo byo guhangayika, kuzunguruka, isesemi, guhumeka neza, umunaniro woroshye, no guhungabana kumutima. Kubabara kumutima, rimwe na rimwe kugaragara ahantu hagufi, nibimenyetso byindwara zumutima birashobora gutandukana kubantu. Ibi ni ukuri cyane kubimenyetso byindwara zumutima kubagore.

Ibimenyetso bishobora kubaho mugihe cyumutima urashobora kubivuga muri make kuburyo bukurikira:

1. Ububabare bwo mu gatuza, igitutu cyangwa kutamererwa neza: Abantu benshi bafite ikibazo cyumutima basobanura kumva ububabare cyangwa kutamererwa neza mu gituza, ariko siko bimeze kuri buri kibazo cyumutima. Mu bantu bamwe, ibyiyumvo byo guhagarika umutima bishobora kugaragara mu gituza. Ibyiyumvo byo kutamererwa neza ni igihe gito kandi bikabura mu minota mike. Mu bantu bamwe, iyi myumvire irashobora kongera kumvikana mumasaha make cyangwa ejobundi. Ibi bimenyetso mubisanzwe ni ibirego byerekana ko imitsi yumutima itakira ogisijeni ihagije, kandi hagomba kwitonderwa kuko hashobora kubaho ubuvuzi bwihutirwa.
2. Ububabare buvugwa: Ibyiyumvo byo gukomera no kubabara mu gatuza birashobora kugaragara mubindi bice bitandukanye byumubiri mugihe cyumutima. Mu bantu benshi bahura nindwara yumutima, ububabare bwo mu gatuza bukunda gukwirakwira ku kuboko kwibumoso. Usibye kariya gace, hari abantu bahura nububabare nko mubitugu, umugongo, ijosi cyangwa urwasaya. Mugihe cumutima ku bagore, hakwiye kwitabwaho kuko ububabare bushobora no kugaragara munda yo hepfo no mu gituza cyo hepfo. Kubabara mu mugongo wo hejuru ni ikindi kimenyetso gikunze kugaragara ku bagore kuruta abagabo.
3. Kubira ibyuya: Kubira ibyuya byinshi bitabaho mugihe cyimyitozo ngororangingo cyangwa imyitozo ni ikimenyetso gishobora kwerekana ibibazo bitandukanye byumutima. Kubira ibyuya bikabije birashobora no kugaragara mubantu bamwe.
4. Intege nke: Guhangayika cyane mugihe cyumutima birashobora gutuma umuntu yumva ananiwe kandi afite intege nke. Intege nke no guhumeka neza ni ibimenyetso bigaragara cyane ku bagore kandi birashobora kuboneka amezi menshi mbere yigihe cyibihe.
5. Kubura Umwuka: Imikorere yumutima no guhumeka nibintu bifitanye isano ya hafi. Kubura umwuka, bisobanurwa nkukumenya umuntu guhumeka, nikimenyetso cyingenzi kibaho bitewe numutima udashobora kuvoma amaraso ahagije mugihe cyibibazo.
6. Kuzunguruka: Kuzunguruka no kuzunguruka biri mu bimenyetso byindwara zumutima bikunze kugaragara ku barwayi babagore. Ibi bihe ntibigomba kwemerwa nkibisanzwe kandi ntibigomba kwirengagizwa numuntu uhuye nabyo.
7. Palpitations: Abantu binubira palititike kubera indwara yumutima bari mumaganya menshi. Abantu bamwe bashobora gusobanura iyi palpitasiyo atari mu gituza gusa ahubwo no mu ijosi.
8. Ibibazo byigifu: Abantu bamwe bashobora guhura nibibazo bitandukanye byigifu byihishe ibimenyetso byindwara zumutima mugihe cyabanjirije ibibazo. Hagomba kwitonderwa nkibibazo byigifu nko kutarya no gutwikwa bishobora kuba bisa nibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe byindwara zumutima.
9. Kubyimba amaguru, ibirenge namaguru: Kubyimba ibirenge namaguru bikura biturutse ku kwegeranya amazi mu mubiri. Iki gishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyuko kunanirwa kumutima bigenda byiyongera.
10. Umutima wihuta kandi udasanzwe: Bivugwa ko umuvuduko ukabije wumutima utera cyangwa udasanzwe ugomba gufatanwa uburemere. Byongeye kandi, iyo umunaniro, intege nke hamwe no guhumeka bigufi byongewe kuri palpitations, ntibishobora gutinda.
11. Inkorora: Inkorora idahwema kandi ikomeje irashobora kuba ikimenyetso cyumutima. Ibi biterwa no gutembera kwamaraso mu bihaha. Rimwe na rimwe, inkorora irashobora guherekezwa namaraso. Mu bihe nkibi, ni ngombwa kudatakaza igihe.
12. Guhinduka gutunguranye mubiro byumubiri - kwiyongera ibiro cyangwa kugabanuka: Kwiyongera gutunguranye cyangwa kugabanuka byongera ibyago byo kurwara umutima. Impinduka zitunguranye mu mirire zishobora nanone gutera ihindagurika mu mwirondoro wa cholesterol. Byagaragaye ko ibyago byo guhitanwa numutima byiyongera mu myaka ikurikira ku bantu bageze mu za bukuru bongera ibiro 10 ku ijana cyangwa birenga mu gihe gito.

Ibimenyetso Byumutima Kubagore

Igitsina gabo gifatwa nkimpamvu zishobora gutera indwara zumutima. Muri icyo gihe, abagabo barashobora kurwara umutima hakiri kare kurusha abagore. Nubwo ibimenyetso byindwara zumutima bishobora gutandukana kubantu, ibimenyetso byindwara zumutima kubagabo muri rusange bigizwe nibimenyetso bya kera. Ku bagore, ibintu biratandukanye gato. Ni nkenerwa kumenya kuko ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bitari ibya kera nkintege nke zigihe kirekire, ibibazo byo gusinzira, guhangayika no kubabara umugongo hejuru bifatwa nkibimenyetso byindwara zumutima ku bagore.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwindwara zumutima?

Indwara yumutima, nayo isobanurwa nka syndrome de acute coronary (ACS), igabanijwemo ubwoko 3. STEMI, NSTEMI, na coronary spasm (angina idahindagurika) bigize ubu bwoko butatu bwumutima. STEMI ni uburyo bwo gutera umutima aho ubutumburuke bugaragara mu gice cyitwa igice cya ST ku kizamini cya ECG. Mu bwoko bwa NSTEMI umutima utera, nta kuzamuka kwagace kamwe kuri electrocardiography (ECG). STEMI na NSTEMI byombi bifatwa nkubwoko bwingenzi bwindwara zumutima zishobora kwangiza cyane ingingo zumutima.

STEMI ni ubwoko bwindwara zumutima zibaho mugihe imirire yigice kinini cyumubiri wumutima yangiritse bitewe no kuziba kwuzuye kwimitsi. Muri NSTEMI, imiyoboro yamaraso ifata igice kandi rero nta gihinduka gishobora kugaragara mukarere kitwa igice cya ST mu kizamini cya ECG.

Coronary spasm izwi nkindwara yihishe yumutima. Nubwo ibimenyetso bisa na STEMI, birashobora kwitiranwa nububabare bwimitsi, ibibazo byigifu nibindi bibazo bitandukanye. Iyo iyi ndwara, ibaye bitewe no kwikuramo imitsi yumutima, igeze kurwego rugabanya cyangwa rugabanya cyane umuvuduko wamaraso, birashobora gutera ibimenyetso byindwara zumutima rwihishwa. Nubwo bitera inkunga ko nta byangiritse bihoraho bibaho ku ngingo zumutima muri ibi bihe, ni ibintu bitagomba kwirengagizwa kuko bitera kwiyongera kibyago byo kurwara umutima mu gihe kizaza.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera indwara zumutima?

Gukora plaque zibyibushye mumitsi igaburira umutima nimwe mubitera indwara zumutima. Usibye ibi bintu, guturika cyangwa guturika mu mitsi birashobora no gutera indwara yumutima.

Bitewe nimpamvu zitandukanye, kwegeranya ibinure byamavuta bita atherosclerose bishobora kugaragara kurukuta rwimbere rwimitsi, kandi ibi bintu bifatwa nkimpamvu zishobora gutera umutima:

• Kunywa itabi nimpamvu yingenzi yongera ibyago byo kurwara umutima. Ibyago byo kurwara umutima byikubye inshuro 3 abagabo nabagore banywa itabi.
• Urwego rwa LDL rwinshi, rusobanurwa nka cholesterol mbi, mumaraso, niko ibyago byo kurwara umutima. Kwirinda ibiryo birimo cholesterol nyinshi nka offal, soudjouk, salami, sosiso, inyama zitukura, inyama zikaranze, calamari, mussele, urusenda, ibikomoka ku mata yuzuye amavuta, mayoneze, cream, cream namavuta bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara umutima.
• Diyabete nindwara ikomeye yongerera ibyago byo kurwara umutima. Abenshi mu barwayi ba diyabete bapfa bazize indwara zumutima. Ku barwayi barwaye diyabete, ubworoherane bwinkuta zimitsi bugenda bwangirika, urugero rwamaraso rushobora kwiyongera no kwangiza ingirabuzimafatizo ya endoteliyale imbere mu bwato bishobora koroha. Hagomba kwitonderwa kuko hashobora kubaho ibyago byinshi byo kwandura umutima mukurwanya insuline bitewe nimirire itari myiza no kubura imyitozo ngororamubiri.
• Kwiyongera kumuvuduko wamaraso (umuvuduko ukabije wamaraso) ni ikindi kintu gishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara umutima.
• Hamwe nimyaka, kwangirika kwimiterere yimitsi no kwiyongera kwangirika bishobora kubaho. Ibi kandi byongera ibyago byo kurwara umutima.
• Imisemburo ya Estrogene ku bagore irashobora kugira ingaruka zo gukingira indwara zumutima. Kubwibyo, ibyago byo kurwara umutima bifatwa nkibiri hejuru kubagabo ndetse nabagore nyuma yo gucura.
• Umubyibuho ukabije wongera ibyago byo kurwara umutima utera imikorere mibi yamaraso, gusaza imburagihe na aterosklerose. Ibindi bintu nkumuvuduko ukabije wamaraso, cholesterol na diyabete biherekeza umubyibuho ukabije, utera imvururu ziterwa na karubone ndetse na metabolism yamavuta, na byo ni ngombwa mu gihe cyumutima. Mugihe kubaga umubyibuho ukabije bikunzwe cyane kubyibushye, uburyo nka laser liposuction burashobora guhitamo kunanuka no kugabanya ibinure.
• Kugira amateka yumutima mubyiciro byambere byumuntu nka nyina, papa, umuvandimwe byongera ibyago byo kurwara umutima.
• Hagomba kwitonderwa nkizamuka ryamaraso yibintu nka C-reaction proteine, homocysteine, fibrinogen na lipoproteine ​​A ikorerwa mu mwijima nayo ishobora kuba ifitanye isano nimpanuka zo gutera umutima.

Nigute Indwara Yumutima Yapimwe?

ECG (electrocardiography), yerekana ibikorwa byamashanyarazi yumutima, nikimwe mubizamini byambere byakoreshejwe mugutahura indwara ishobora gutera umutima. Muri iri suzuma, ryakozwe na electrode yashyizwe ku gituza no ku mpera, ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi bigaragarira ku mpapuro cyangwa monitor mu mipfunda itandukanye.

Usibye ECG, isesengura ryibinyabuzima bitandukanye rishobora no kuba ingirakamaro mugupima indwara yumutima. Bitewe no kwangirika kwa selile mugihe cyibibazo, proteyine na enzymes zimwe na zimwe, cyane cyane troponine, mubisanzwe biherereye mumutima, birashobora kunyura mumaraso. Mugusuzuma urwego rwibi bintu, haboneka igitekerezo cyuko umuntu ashobora kuba arwaye umutima.

Usibye ECG nibizamini byamaraso, ibizamini bya radiologiya nkigituza x-ray, echocardiografiya (ECHO) cyangwa, mu bihe bidasanzwe, tomografiya ya mudasobwa (CT) cyangwa amashusho ya magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) irashobora no gukoreshwa mugupima indwara zumutima.

Angiography nigikoresho cyingenzi cyo gusuzuma no kuvura indwara zumutima. Muri iri suzuma, insinga yoroheje yinjizwa mu mitsi iri mu kuboko cyangwa ku kibero kandi imiyoboro yumutima isuzumwa hifashishijwe ibintu bitandukanye bigaragara ko ari umwijima kuri ecran. Niba hagaragaye inzitizi, ubwato burashobora gufungurwa hamwe na ballon ikoreshwa na angioplasty. Ubushobozi bwubwato burashobora kugumaho nyuma ya angioplasty ukoresheje umuyoboro winsinga witwa stent uretse ballon.

Nubuhe buryo bwo kuvura indwara zumutima?

Indwara yumutima ni ibintu byihutirwa kandi iyo ibimenyetso bibaye, birakenewe ko usaba ibitaro byuzuye. Umubare munini wimpfu ziterwa nindwara zumutima zibaho mu masaha ya mbere nyuma yigitero gitangiye. Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa ko umurwayi asuzumwa vuba kandi intervention ikorwa neza. Niba ufite ikibazo cyumutima, hamagara nimero yihutirwa hanyuma utangaze uko umeze. Byongeye kandi, kwisuzumisha buri gihe bigira uruhare runini mu kuvura indwara zumutima. Niba ushaka kubona amakuru yukuntu wakora igenzura, urashobora guhamagara ibitaro.

Umurwayi uza mu cyumba cyihutirwa kubera ikibazo cyumutima yoherezwa kwa muganga windwara zumutima nyuma yo kuvurwa byihutirwa ndetse no kunanura amaraso. Mugihe umuganga abona ari ngombwa, arashobora gukora angiografiya kugirango asuzume imitsi yumurwayi. Ukurikije ibisubizo bya angiogram, niba imiti cyangwa kubagwa bizakorwa mubisanzwe bigenwa ninama irimo umuganga wumutima hamwe nu kubaga umutima. Kubaga Angioplasty, stent na bypass kubagwa biri muburyo bwibanze bwo kuvura indwara zumutima. Mu kubaga bypass, umuganga ubaga umutima nimitsi akoresha imiyoboro yamaraso yakuwe mu kindi gice cyumubiri kugira ngo asane imiyoboro yangiritse mu mutima.

Impamvu zishobora gutera indwara zumutima, nimwe mu mpamvu zitera urupfu ku isi yose, zisuzumwa mu matsinda 2: zihinduka kandi ntizihinduka. Impinduka zubuzima zishobora kugira uruhare runini mubuzima bwumutima wawe zishobora kuvugwa muri make nko guhagarika ikoreshwa ry itabi, kurya indyo yuzuye kandi nzima, gukora siporo, kwitondera kugumana isukari yamaraso mumipaka isanzwe imbere ya diyabete, kugabanya umuvuduko wamaraso no guteza imbere ubushobozi kugenzura imihangayiko yubuzima.

Imwe mu ntambwe zingenzi zigabanya ibyago byo kurwara umutima ni uguhagarika ikoreshwa ry itabi. Kunywa itabi biri mubintu byingenzi bitera indwara zifata imitsi, indwara zumutima ndetse na stroke. Mubikorwa biganisha kuri atherosklerozose, itabi rishobora kugira ingaruka ziteranya kwirundanya kwibinure mu rukuta rwimitsi. Usibye umutima, imikorere isanzwe yizindi ngingo nayo igira ingaruka mbi ku kunywa itabi. Kunywa itabi birashobora kandi kugabanya urugero rwa HDL, izwi nka cholesterol nziza, kandi ikongera umuvuduko wamaraso. Bitewe niyi mico mibi, umutwaro winyongera ushyirwa mumitsi nyuma yo kunywa itabi kandi umuntu ashobora kwandura indwara zitandukanye. Ni ukuri kugaragara ko guhagarika ikoreshwa ryitabi bigabanya ibyago byo kurwara umutima, kandi ingaruka zo kurireka zitangira kwigaragaza mu buryo butaziguye. Kugabanuka kumuvuduko wamaraso, umuvuduko uratera imbere kandi inkunga ya ogisijeni itwarwa mu mubiri iriyongera. Izi mpinduka kandi zitanga iterambere murwego rwingufu zumuntu kandi byoroshye gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri.

Imyitozo ngororamubiri no gukomeza ibiro byiza byumubiri biri mubibazo byingenzi mugucunga umuvuduko wamaraso no kwirinda indwara zitandukanye zumutima. Gukora iminota 30 kumunsi kandi byibura iminsi 5 mucyumweru birahagije kugirango ukomeze gukora kumubiri. Ntabwo ari ngombwa ko ibikorwa biba byinshi. Hamwe nimyitozo ngororamubiri, biroroshye kugera kuburemere bufatwa nkubuzima bwiza. Imyitozo ngororamubiri ishyigikiwe nimirire yuzuye kandi nzima igira uruhare mukurinda ingorane zishobora kubaho bitewe nuburemere burenze mugushyigikira imikorere isanzwe yumubiri, cyane cyane mukugenzura umuvuduko wamaraso.

Ni ngombwa cyane ku bantu bahuye nindwara yumutima cyangwa basuzumwe indwara zisa nazo kubahiriza byimazeyo imiti yashyizweho nabaganga babo. Niba wumva ibimenyetso byindwara zumutima, ugomba guhita witabaza serivisi zubutabazi hanyuma ukabona ubufasha bukenewe mubuvuzi.

Twifurije iminsi myiza.